Journal of Peace and Diplomacy

Hybrid Warfare: Strategies and Counterstrategies in the India-Pakistan Rivalry

2024-01-01T10:26:07+00:00

Hybrid Warfare represents a sophisticated amalgamation of diverse warfare strategies, seamlessly blending both conventional and non-conventional techniques. This nuanced approach encompasses an array of tactics, incorporating elements from fake news to cybercrimes, civil unrest to economic warfare, and diplomacy to separatist movements. Also recognized as asymmetrical or new-generation warfare, its primary objective is not confrontation but to meticulously identify and exploit the fault lines, vulnerabilities, and trigger points within the targeted nation. Pakistan has been subject to hybrid security threats from its historic rival India since the day of independence. The paper sheds light on Indian hybrid warfare against Pakistan which broadly encompasses political and diplomatic support to the separatist movements, targeted campaigns on social media, and hindering the timely completion of CPEC and other developmental projects. Given the intensity of hybrid security threats and their fall-flanged impact on the peace, development, and security of the state, the article has attempted to provide comprehensive policy options for Pakistan to effectively counter the hybrid threats.

Twitter Diplomacy in the UAE and Saudi Arabia: Managing Media Crises

2023-12-31T07:53:32+00:00

The study explores Twitter diplomacy as a tool for managing media crises in the mainstream American and British media, with a particular focus on four significant political topics concerning the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia. These include the Qatar diplomatic crisis, the Yemeni war, Iran, and the Muslim Brotherhood. The study evaluates the impact of Twitter diplomacy on media coverage of these issues. It covers three new research areas: Arabian Gulf Twitter diplomacy, the influence of Twitter diplomacy on American and British mainstream media, and examine the utilization of traditional and social media in both Western and Arabian Gulf contexts. The findings of the study suggest that Twitter diplomacy alone cannot address Western media crises. The study employed a qualitative descriptive methodology that utilized a combination of data collection techniques and qualitative analysis methods, including critical discourse analysis and elite interviews.

Hybrid Warfare on Pakistan: Examining the Determinants and Impact

2023-12-31T17:29:38+00:00

Hybrid warfare, an ambiguous term in academia, has recently gained traction in scholarly work. However, its manifestation appears too vague in terms of observable phenomena. In the case of Pakistan, hybrid warfare has become more of a cliché or jargon. The nation contends with hybrid warfare on all fronts. Due to political instability and fragile governance, it has become an easy target for adversaries to employ hybrid warfare against, especially since its nuclearization. While this constant use of hybrid warfare may have made Pakistan resilient on the military front, it has had a far-reaching impact on Pakistani society. From the human development index to economic development, Pakistan has undergone a phase marked by a significant loss of peace and harmony. The research paper explores these implications in detail to foster an understanding of its impacts on Pakistan.

A Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of 'Consensus Democracy' in China and Switzerland

2024-01-01T11:55:03+00:00

The Consensus Democracy Theory, put forward by Lijphart, emphasizes the construction of a multi-consensus democracy. Switzerland is a typical country putting consensus democracy theory into practice. Its consensus democracy belief is rooted in its historical development and domestic political practice, and has become a typical case of practice and research. China also has the soil of consensus democratic theory, that is, the exploration and practice of the fundamental political system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. As one of the three basic political systems in China, the practice of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) system has prominent significance for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Swiss democracy shares similarities with CPPCC because of the same theoretical model between China and Switzerland. On the other hand, differences exist resulting from different social systems and historical development. Exploring the similarities and differences is of positive significance for the further development of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

Transformative Potential: A Comprehensive Analysis of China-Pakistan Agricultural Cooperation under CPEC

2024-01-01T08:14:51+00:00

Given the persistent concern of global food security, particularly in developing nations where agricultural sectors faces various challenges, the increasing collaboration between China and Pakistan under China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) presents an interesting case study for agricultural cooperation. This research explores the partnership, examining its evolution, potential, and inherent challenges. The analysis maps out the growth of bilateral trade between China and Pakistan from 2011 to 2019, analyzing policy frameworks, and explores the diverse fields of cooperation, including infrastructure, product processing, machinery, and information exchange. While highlighting promising prospects, it identifies challenges such as low enterprise competitiveness, limited information exchange, and political risks, all considered in the context of CPEC and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It emphasizes the transformative potential of China-Pakistan agricultural cooperation under CPEC, underscoring the importance of comprehensive planning and strategic approaches to maximize mutual benefits in the domain of international agricultural collaboration.

A New Path to Peace: China’s Economic Development Strategy in the Middle East

2024-01-01T07:43:34+00:00

China has been engaged in many economic initiatives, like investing in Israeli high-tech start-ups, promoting tourism and developing infrastructure. The purpose of China taking these initiatives is to make better economic connections with countries to facilitate the peace-building process. China is using this economic strategy to resolve the conflict between Israel and Palestine in contrast to the traditional diplomatic approach used by the United States. The above-mentioned economic development strategy of China creates a loop where good economic relations will lead to peaceful coexistence and economic prosperity. Therefore, this research aims to explore the “how” factor to understand the contribution of innovative strategy, based on economic incentives, to resolving conflicts specifically between Israel and Palestine. This research thoroughly analyzes China's economic development strategy for its relevance to conflict resolution in the Middle East. The study utilizes primary and secondary sources, including existing literature, policy documents, official statements, case studies, and data analysis. Special attention is given to the complex political landscape of the Israel-Palestine region, considering the involvement of various external actors and the deep-seated feelings of distrust between Israel and Palestine. The paper adopts a comprehensive approach to assess China's strategy as a potential avenue for conflict resolution.