Sino-Indian Strategic Competition in the Persian Gulf Region

Abstract

The strategic competition between China and India in the Persian Gulf region is driven by their growing energy needs, economic interests, and ambitions to expand their geopolitical influence. The Persian Gulf’s significance as a major source of oil and gas has made it a focal point for both countries’ foreign policies. China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has helped it establish a strong economic foothold through large-scale infrastructure investments and strategic partnerships, particularly with Iran. Meanwhile, India’s “Link West” policy has deepened its engagement with Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states like Saudi Arabia and the UAE, strengthening its economic and defense ties. The rivalry has extended from economic to military domains, with both countries seeking to secure their strategic interests and expand their regional presence. This competition also attracts the attention of external powers, including the United States and Russia, further complicating the Gulf’s security landscape. For Gulf States, the growing rivalry presents both opportunities and risks. While engaging with both China and India offers avenues for economic diversification and strategic partnerships, it could also lead to increased regional polarization and destabilization. This article outlines the dynamics of the Sino-Indian strategic competition in the Persian Gulf, its impact on regional stability, and the evolving geopolitical environment as both powers continue to expand their influence in this critical region.