Harnessing AI Technology in Peacekeeping: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract

Peacekeeping operations in the 21st century have evolved beyond traditional stability mission to encompass more complex objectives, including civilian protection, conflict resolution, and the management of asymmetric threats. In this shifted paradigm, artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) technologies present unique prospects to improve operational effectiveness and safety of peacekeeping personnel. While there is substantial research on military applications of AI, there remains a striking lack of studies exploring the integration of AI within the UN's peacekeeping mission. This study aims to examine how AI and AI-enabled virtual reality (VR) simulations can enhance the preparedness and response of peacekeepers deployed in high-risk areas. This study is qualitative in nature and adopts phenomenological approach. This research explores the experiences of peacekeepers who were deployed in countries such as Democracy Republic of Congo (DRC), South Sudan, and Mali, and Central African Republic (CAR). It also includes perspectives from experts involved in peacekeeping training department. Findings indicate that AI technologies, particularly with respect to surveillance and intelligence gathering, have potential to enhance situational awareness and lessen the risks posed from emerging threats. Furthermore, AI-driven virtual reality (VR) training simulation creates opportunities for peacekeepers to exercise and enhance their skill of interacting with the community and assist in decision making. Nonetheless, the study also highlights challenges and concerns, including ethical consideration, potential violations of core peacekeeping principles and limitations in the resources required to build AI-based infrastructure. The research demonstrates the potential of AI and VR to transform and modernize peacekeeping, but stressed the need for responsible implementation, recognizing the fundamental cause of peace and stability.